Quiz 4 material

[robert zellmer]

Quiz 4 will cover the following: *Ch 15 (15.7) **& Ch 16 (16.1-16.5)
*
**Section 15.7:  Le Chatelier's Principle **
***
*Understand how changing conc. shifts a reaction
(*AWAY from ADDED, TOWARD REMOVED*).  Remember adding or removing
(small amounts, but not all) of a pure solid or pure liquid will
not shift a reaction.  Removing all of a pure solid or pure liquid
will shift the reaction (toward the removed substance - you have to
have some of the solid or liquid to be at equilibrium when they are
present in the rxn).  Adding or removing a pure liquid which is also
the solvent will cause a shift due to an indirect effect (e.g. adding
solvent decreases the conc.of the solutes causing the reaction to
shift toward more moles in solution, similar to what happens for gases
when the volume is inc.).  Conc. changes do *NOT* affect the numerical
value of K.

Know how changing pressure (due to volume changes) effects a reaction.
Increasing pressure (by reducing the volume) shifts the reaction toward
fewer moles of gas.  Decreasing pressure (by inc. the volume) shifts
the reaction toward more moles of gas. Changing volume for a gas is
essentially changing the concentration of the gases.  Decreasing volume
increases the conc. of the gases and shifts the reaction to the side
with fewer moles in solution (remember, a gas mixture is a solution).
Pressure changes do NOT affect the numerical value of K.

Remember, adding an inert (non-reacting) gas to a reaction involving
gases will increase the total pressure but will NOT cause a shift in
the reaction because the partial pressures of the gases involved in
the reaction do not change.

Something similar also occurs in reactions taking place in a liquid solution
environment. When the volume of solution changes the reaction will shift
if there is a change in moles of dissolved solutes.  If the volume is
increased by adding solvent (decreasing conc.) the reaction shifts toward
more moles of solutes.  This is like decreasing pressure by inc. volume for
gases, the reaction shifts toward more moles of gas.

Also, know how changing temperature shifts a reaction AND changes the 
numerical
value of the equilibrium constant, K (changing conc. and pressures do 
not affect
the numerical value of K).  How does the change in the forward and 
reverse rate
constants (rates) cause the shift in the equilibrium and affect K for both
exothermic and endothermic reactions?  Remember, temperature changes have a
bigger affect on reactions with bigger Ea.
*
*Homework coverage (you should be able to all problems in the given 
ranges)**:

**For those of you using the 14th edition the quiz covers sections 15.7
You should be able to do homework problems 15.10-15.12, 15.61-15,70,
15.86, 15.88, 15.90-15.91, 15.93-15.94, 15.95-15.97, 15.99-15.100

For those of you using the 13th edition the quiz covers sections 15.7
You should be able to do homework problems 15.10-15.12, 15.61-15,68,
15.84, 15.86, 15.88-15.89, 15.91-15.92, 15.93-15.95, 15.97-15.98

For those of you using the 12th edition the quiz covers sections 15.7
You should be able to do homework problems 15.10-15.12, 15.61-15,68,
15.84, 15.86, 15.88-15.89, 15.91-15.92, 15.93-15.95, 15.97-15.98

For those of you using the 11th edition the quiz covers sections 15.7
You should be able to do homework problems 15.8-15.10, 15.51-15,56,
15.72, 15.75-15.76, 15.78-15.79, 15.80, 15.82-15.87

**For the on-line homework:*

*For Credit:*
*Ch 15 (15.7) Tutorials 2
and Ch 15b (15.7) Homework Review.

Make sure you can do the assigned textbook questions, the tutorials and 
the homework
review questions.

NOT for credit:
DSM module (Key General Chemistry Skills Advanced Equilibrium)
which covers this material.


*Chapter 16 (16.1-16.5)
*
Acids and bases (Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry theory),
conjugate acid/base pairs, autoionization of water, K_w , pH, pOH,
strong acids and bases and weak acids and bases. You MUST
know the 7 common strong acids and the strong bases (those
discussed in the book, notes, class and on the class web page).
Also, you need to know the strong bases discussed in lecture.
All other acids or bases you see will be weak acids or bases
(unless told otherwise).  You need to be able to do calculations
for strong acids and bases.

**Homework coverage (you should be able to all problems in the given 
ranges)**:

**For those of you using the 14th edition the quiz covers sections 16.1-16.5
You should be able to do homework problems 16.1(a), 16.2-16.4, 16.13-16.48,
16.100, 16.104,16.106, 16.116-16.118

For those of you using the 13th edition the quiz covers sections 16.1-16.5
You should be able to do homework problems 16.1(a), 16.2-16.4, 16.13-16.48,
16.100, 16.102, 16.104, 16.106, 16.116-16.118

For those of you using the 12th edition the quiz covers sections 16.1-16.5
You should be able to do homework problems 16.1(a), 16.2, 16.5, 16.11-16.48,
16.106, 16.108, 16.115-16.117

For those of you using the 11th edition the quiz covers sections 16.1-16.5
You should be able to do homework problems 16.1(a), 16.2, 16.13-16.50,
16.110, 16.112, 16.121-16.123

****For the on-line homework:*

*For Credit:*
***Ch 16 (16.1-16.5) Tutorials 1
and Ch 16a (16.1-16.5) Homework Review.

Make sure you can do the assigned textbook questions, the tutorials and 
the homework
review questions.

NOT for credit:
DSM module (Key General Chemistry Skills Advanced Acids and Bases)
which covers this material.


Dr. Zellmer
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