Quiz 7 material - last one

[robert zellmer]

Quiz 7: Chapter 23 and Chapter 21(21.1-21.4)

For the 11th ed. Chapter 23 (23.7) & Chapter 24 (24.1-24.6)
is equivalent to Ch 23 in the more recent editions.

*Section 23.1 (section 23.7 in the 11th editions):*

Transition metals, properties of transition metals, lanthanide contraction,
electron configurations and oxidation states (electrons come out of the
s orbitals first), magnetism (understand the different types).

*Section 23.2:*

Transition-metal complexes (ligands, complex ions, coordination cmpds),
coordination number, coordination sphere, metal-ligand bonding (Lewis
acid-base rxns), be able to determine oxidation number and coord. number
of the metal in a complex or coord. cmpd., geometries (often depend on
the ligand - ligands which carry substantial negative charge reduce the
the coord. number, i.e. # atoms directly bonded to metal atom)

*Section 23.3:*

Know what ligands are and the difference between monodentate, bidentate
and polydentate ligands.  Know the names and structures of the most
common ligands (tables 23.4 and 23.5, for the 11th ed tables 24.2 and 24.3).
For the bidentate ligands know oxalate, carbonate and ethylenediamine (en).
For the polydentate ligands the most commonly seen are triphosphate ion
and ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA^4- ).
Know what chelation is.

*Section 23.4:*

Know how to name transition-metal (coordination) compounds.

Isomerism.  Know what isomers are.  Know the two main groups (structural
and stereoisomers) and the 4 specific branches from these two main
groups: coord. sphere, linkage, geometric and optical (enantiomers).
You need to be able to draw the cmpds from the formula and the description
given (for a coordination number of 4 I would tell you whether it's 
tetrahedral,
or sq. planar).  You should realize when the coord. # is 6 it has to be
octahedral.  Understand what enantiomers are (nonsuperimposable mirror 
images).
Know these are chiral and optically active and one is dextrorotatory (d) and
the other would be levorotatory (l).  There's no way to tell which is which
simply by looking at them.  However, if I tell you one is (d) then it's
enantiomer has to be (l).

*Section 23.5 (Color and Magnetism in Coordination Chemistry): *

Color and magnetism.  Understand the color wheel (which will be given) and
complementary colors and how this is related to the crystal-field splitting
(size of splitting, energy, wavelength, etc.).

*Section 23.6 (crystal field theory, CFT): **
***
Remember in CFT we are looking at the metal-centered d orbitals and the
electrons in those orbitals from the metal itself.  We are not considering
any of the electrons from the ligands when it comes to the diagrams we use
because these electrons are in molecular orbitals which are primarily 
ligand
centered (located on the ligands) and are much lower in energy and filled.
The electron transitions we are considering are from one d-orbital on the
metal to another d-orbital on the metal.

You should know how the metal "d" orbitals are split (arranged) for linear,
tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral complexes.

For an octahedral crystal field energy diagram the t2 (or t_2g) set of
orbitals (d_xy, d_xy, d_xy) are lower in energy than the e (or e_g) set of
orbitals (d_z^2, d_x2-y2).

You should know what is meant by weak-field and strong-field ligands and 
how this
effects the splitting of the e and t<sub>2</sub> orbitals on the metal 
ion.  You
should know what are crystal-field splitting and spin-pairing energies 
and how to
determine if something will be a high-spin complex or low-spin complex.  
This
depends on whether the ligand is a weak-field or strong-field ligand 
(strength
of interaction between the ligand and the metal) for the octahedral 
structures.
This is given by the spectrochemical series.  I will give you the 
spectrochemical
series on the quiz.  Weak-field ligands will give a high-spin 
arrangement and
strong-field ligands will give a low-spin arrangement for an octahedral 
structure.

Remember, the tetrahedral crystal-field energy diagram simply flips the 
t2 and e
sets of d orbitals compared to the octaheral splitting. For a 
tetrahedral complex,
the d-orbital diagram the e set is lower in energy than the t2 set.  
Also, the
crystal-field splitting energy is less than that for an octahedral field 
(4/9 of
the splitting energy for an octahedral field).  Thus, a tetrahedral complex
will always be high-spin due to the smaller crystal-field splitting energy.

The square-planar arrangement is given in the textbook. The linear 
d-orbital
crystal field is given in the lecture notes (as are all of the others).

For ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transitions, electrons from
these lower ligand orbitals are excited into the d orbitals on the metal.
This is in the Closer Look box on page 1019 (p. 1028 in the 13th ed. p. 
993 in
the 12th ed., p. 1040 in the 11th ed.).  I mentioned these in class but 
did not
cover them.  They will NOT be on the quiz or final (neither will the MLCT
types of transitions).

*Homework coverage (you should be able to all problems in the given 
ranges):**
***
For those of you using the 14th edition the quiz covers sections
23.1-23.6 and homework problems 23.1-23.101

For those of you using the 13th edition the quiz covers sections
23.1-23.6 and homework problems 23.1-23.101

For those of you using the 12th edition the quiz covers sections
23.1-23.6 and homework problems 23.1-23.101

For those of you using the 11th edition the quiz covers sections
23.7 and 24.1-24.6 and homework problems 23.5-23.6, 23.37-23.48,
23.53-23.56, 23.63, 23.67-23.70, 24.1-24.82

*For the on-line homework:

*Do ch 23 tutorial set.  There is *NO* homework review problem set.
The due dates were pointed out in a previous e-mail.  There is
*NO* DSM question set.  Also, there are the practice exercise #1
problems for Ch 23 (which are not for credit).


*Chapter 21 (21.1-21.4):*

Nuclear eqns. Types of radioactive decay and particles (alpha, beta,
positron emission, electron capture) and gamma radiation.

Patterns of nuclear stability (neutron-to-proton ratio, belt of stability,
stability based on whether the number of protons and neutrons are
even or odd, magic numbers, radioactive series.

Nuclear transmutations (including the shorthand representation given in
section 21.3 for the transmutation reaction), reactions involving neutrons,
transuranium elements.

Rates of radioactive decay, radiometric dating, half-lifes.

*Homework coverage (you should be able to all problems in the given 
ranges):**
***
For those of you using the 14th edition the quiz covers sections 21.1-21.4
and homework problems 21.1-21.6, 21.9-21.44, 21.71-21.72, 21.82-21.83

For those of you using the 13th edition the quiz covers sections 21.1-21.4
and homework problems 21.1-21.6, 21.9-21.44, 21.71-21.72, 21.82-21.83

For those of you using the 12th edition the quiz covers sections 
21.1-21.4 and
homework problems 21.1-21.4, 21.7-21.42, 21.69, 21.78

For those of you using the 11th edition the quiz covers sections 
21.1-21.4 and
homework problems 21.1-21.4, 21.7-21.42, 21.65, 21.74

*For the on-line homework:

*Do ch 21 tutorial set.  There is *NO* homework review problem set.
The due dates were pointed out in a previous e-mail.  There is
*NO* DSM question set.  Also, there are the practice exercise #1
problems for Ch 21 (which are not for credit).


Dr. Zellmer
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