[Heb-NACO] Romanization

[Israel Cohen]

Hello Geraldine --

You wrote:
>>  If [the Tetragrammaton] is vocalized with patah and segol we will
romanize it as Yahv?eh.<<

*Sound Changes that facilitate the recognition of Hebrew-English Cognates*

Being aware of the sound changes that anciently occurred in some (proto-)
Hebrew consonants helps one recognize cognates. Some of these changes are
well known and accepted, e.g., the older D/T-sound of the shin, the
G/K-sound of the aiyin, and the X/KS-sound of the het.

   - The *aleph* had a het-like northern GHT and a Mediterranean CHS-sound.
   Compare German *Ochs* = ox. That's why the "Rashi script" aleph looks
   like a het + chupchik.

   - There is a *bet - mem* parallel that explains cognates such as BaiS
   3oLaM
    עוֹלָםבֵּית  = cemetery (house of eternity) and mausoleum
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum>.

   - The ancient *heh *had a dalet+heh ה+ד DH/TH sound. That's why the
   definite article is the prefix ה in Hebrew but "the" in English and
   "der/die/das" in German. The Hebrew word ToRaH תוֹרָה is cognate with
   “TRuTH.”

   - The *vav* had an ancient F/PH-sound as in vav-samekh-sof  VeSeT  וֶסֶת
   <https://translate.google.co.il/?hl=en#en/iw/menstruation>       (
   menstruation <https://www.etymonline.com/word/menstruation>) borrowed
   from ancient Greek *phasis* φάσις (phase of the moon).

   - Both *zayin* and * tzadi* seem to be differentiations of an earlier
   S-sound which often did not become modified in cognates. Compare the shape
   of tzadi with that of uppercase Greek *sigma *Σ and the shape of zaiyin
   with that of lowercase Greek *sigma* σ .

   - *Het *(without a schwa <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwa>) had an
   ancient W-sound which was lost, probably as a result of Greek influence.
   Greek had already lost its own ancient 6th letter (now called digamma
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digamma>) which had a W-sound.
   After losing its W-sound, the het had an X = KS sound. Now you know why
   a group of larks is called an eXaLTation. The Romans watched these birds to
   "finally decide" לְהַ*חלִ*י*ט* when to hold auspicious (bird + look at)
   occasions.

   - Both *yod *and *aiyin* are often parallel to G via Germanic, K via
   Greek, and a hard C or CR via Latin or Greek. Compare Ophel
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophel>  עֹ֫פֶל‎  and Greek *acropolis*
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acropolis> ἀκρόπολις


   - *Lamed-nun-resh* often rotate to N-R-L in other languages. Two
   rotations produce the same result as one rotation
   ​in ​
   the opposite direction.

   - I call the *mem-W* parallel the min-max wane-wax phenomenon.

   - The *shin* had an ancient dental D/T-sound evidenced by שׁוֹר = ToR (
   Taurus <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)>).
   The handwritten shin looks like a closed tet.


*Based on these ancient sounds ...*

   -
*DaWN & SHakHaR  *שַׁחַר <https://translate.google.co.il/?hl=en#en/iw/dawn>

*  are cognate.  *
   -

* WiFe <https://www.etymonline.com/word/wife> is cognate with the name of
   Adam's wife, kHaVah  חַוָּה (Genesis 3:20
   <https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0103.htm>).  *
   - These sound changes reveal the semantics of the Tetragrammaton
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragrammaton> YHVH
   <https://translate.google.co.il/?hl=en&tab=wT#en/iw/Jehovah> יהוה :
   GoTH/CaTH + FaTH = father god in Semitic noun + adjective word order.
   The Roman equivalent was Ju[th]-PiTer with loss of the Th-sound that is
   difficult to pronounce before a P.

For a more detailed explanation, download these files from my Dropbox.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/6hqsldperk35rlk/Sound_Changes.docx?dl=0

https://www.dropbox.com/s/ozx5gico4iqqk9n/Sound_Changes_slides.pptx?dl=0

https://www.dropbox.com/s/sqddaojcrl3svbu/Het_W_X_parallels.docx?dl=0
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