Quiz 7 material - last one

[Robert Zellmer]

Quiz 7: Chapter 23 and Chapter 21(21.1-21.4)

For the 10th and 11th ed. Chapter 23 (23.7) & Chapter 24 (24.1-24.6)

Transition metals, properties of transition metals, lanthanide contraction,
electron configurations and oxidation states (electrons come out of the
s orbitals first), magnetism (understand the different types).

Transition-metal complexes (ligands, complex ions, coordination cmpds),
coordination number, coordination sphere, metal-ligand bonding (Lewis
acid-base rxns), be able to determine oxidation number and coord. number
of the metal in a complex or coord. cmpd., geometries (often depend on
the ligand - ligands which carry substantial negative charge reduce the
the coord. number, i.e. # atoms directly bonded to metal atom)

Know what ligands are and the difference between monodentate, bidentate
and polydentate ligands.  Know the names and structures of the most
common ligands (tables 23.4 and 23.5, for the 10th and the 11th ed
tables 24.2 and 24.3).  For the bidentate ligands know oxalate, carbonate
and ethylenediamine (en).  For the polydentate ligands know
ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA^4-).  Know what chelation is.

Know how to name transition-metal (coordination) compounds.

Isomerism.  Know what isomers are.  Know the two main groups (structural
and stereoisomers) and the 4 specific branches from these two main
groups: coord. sphere, linkage, geometric and optical (enantiomers).
You need to be able to draw the cmpds from the formula and the description
given (for a coordination number of 4 I would tell you whether it's
tetrahedral, or sq. planar).  You should realize when the coord. # is 6
it has to be octahedral.  Understand what enantiomers are (nonsuperimposable
mirror images).  Know these are chiral and optically active and one is
dextrorotatory (d) and the other would be levorotatory (l). There's no way
to tell which is which simply by looking at them.  However, if I tell you
one is (d) then it's enantiomer has to be (l).

Section 23.5 (Color and Magnetism in Coordination Chemistry):

Color and magnetism.  Understand the color wheel (which will be given) and
complementary colors and how this is related to the crystal-field splitting
(size of splitting, energy, wavelength, etc.).

Section 23.6 (crystal field theory, CFT):

Remember in CFT we are looking at the metal-centered d orbitals and the
electrons in those orbitals from the metal itself.  We are not considering
any of the electrons from the ligands when it comes to the diagrams we use
because these electrons are in molecular orbitals which are primarily ligand
centered (located on the ligands) and are much lower in energy and filled.
The electron transitions we are considering are from one d-orbital on the
metal to another d-orbital on the metal.

You should know how the metal "d" orbitals are split (arranged) for linear,
tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral complexes.

For an octahedral crystal field energy diagram the t2 (or t_2g) set of
orbitals (d_xy, d_xy, d_xy) are lower in energy than the e (or e_g) set of
orbitals (d_z^2, d_x2-y2).

You should know what is meant by weak-field and strong-field ligands and how
this effects the splitting of the e and t2 orbitals on the metal ion.
You should know what are crystal-field splitting and spin-pairing
energies and how to determine if something will be a high-spin complex or
low-spin complex.  This depends on whether the ligand is a weak-field or
strong-field ligand (strength of interaction between the ligand and the 
metal)
for the octahedral structures.  This is given by the spectrochemical series,
which will be given on the quiz.  Weak-field ligands will give a high-spin
arrangement and strong-field ligands will give a low-spin arrangement.

Remember, the tetrahedral crystal-field energy diagram simply flips the t2
and e sets of d orbitals compared to the octahedral splitting. For a
tetrahedral complex, the d-orbital diagram the e set is lower in energy than
the t2 set.  Also, the crystal-field splitting energy is less than that 
for an
octahedral field (4/9 of the splitting energy for an octahedral field).  
Thus,
a tetrahedral complex will always be high-spin due to the smaller 
crystal-field
splitting energy.

The square-planar arrangement is given in the textbook.  The linear 
d-orbital
crystal field is given in the lecture notes (as are all of the others).

For ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transitions, electrons from
these lower ligand orbitals are excited into the d orbitals on the metal.
This is in the Closer Look box on page 1028 (p. 993 in the 12th ed., p. 1040
in the 11th ed. and p. 1052 in the 10th ed.).  I mentioned these in class
but did not cover them.  They will NOT be on the quiz or final (neither will
the MLCT types of transitions).

You should be able do to homework problems 23.1-23.101

For those of you using the 12th edition the quiz covers sections
23.1-23.6 and homework problems 23.1-23.101

For those of you using the 11th edition the quiz covers sections
23.7 and 24.1-24.6 and homework problems 23.5-23.6, 23.37-23.48,
23.53-23.56, 23.63, 23.67-23.70, 24.1-24.82

For those of you using the 10th edition the quiz covers sections
23.7 and 24.1-24.6 and homework problems 23.6-23.7, 23.35-23.46,
23.51-23.52, 23.59, 23.64-23.66, 24.1-24.83


Chapter 21 (21.1-21.4):

Nuclear eqns. Types of radioactive decay and particles (alpha, beta,
positron emission, electron capture) and gamma radiation.

Patterns of nuclear stability (neutron-to-proton ratio, belt of stability,
stability based on whether the number of protons and neutrons are
even or odd, magic numbers, radioactive series.

Nuclear transmutations (including the shorthand representation given in
section 21.3 for the transmutation reaction), reactions involving neutrons,
transuranium elements.

Rates of radioactive decay, radiometric dating, half-lifes.

You should be able do to homework problems 21.1-21.6, 21.9-21.44, 
21.71-21.72,
21.82-21.83

For those of you using the 12th edition the quiz covers sections 
21.1-21.4 and
homework problems 21.1-21.4, 21.7-21.42, 21.69, 21.78

For those of you using the 11th edition the quiz covers sections 
21.1-21.4 and
homework problems 21.1-21.4, 21.7-21.42, 21.65, 21.74

For those of you using the 10th edition the quiz covers sections 
21.1-21.4 and
homework problems 21.1-21.4, 21.7-21.42, 21.65, 21.74


Dr. Zellmer