<!-- BaNnErBlUrFlE-BoDy-start -->
<!-- Preheader Text : BEGIN -->
<div style="display:none !important;display:none;visibility:hidden;mso-hide:all;font-size:1px;color:#ffffff;line-height:1px;height:0px;max-height:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">
Hi Mark, That visionary aspiration to swap the wasteful water closets for the earth closets certainly does not eclipse the common outhouse version that you described (even though there was a patent mentioned, the plan doesn't seem to have come
</div>
<!-- Preheader Text : END -->
<!-- Email Banner : BEGIN -->
<div style="display:none !important;display:none;visibility:hidden;mso-hide:all;font-size:1px;color:#ffffff;line-height:1px;height:0px;max-height:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">ZjQcmQRYFpfptBannerStart</div>
<!--[if ((ie)|(mso))]>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="padding: 16px 0px 16px 0px; direction: ltr" lang="en"><tr><td>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="padding: 0px 10px 5px 6px; width: 100%; border-radius:4px; border-top:4px solid #8c8e91;background-color:#CFD3D7;"><tr><td valign="top">
<table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="padding: 4px 8px 4px 8px">
<tr><td style="color:#000000; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:14px; direction: ltr">
This Message Is From an External Sender
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color:#000000; font-weight:normal; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12px; direction: ltr">
This message came from outside your organization.
</td></tr>
</table>
<![if ie]><br clear="all"><![endif]>
<table align="right" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="padding: 4px 0px 4px 0px"><tr>
<td style="direction: ltr"> <a target="_blank" href="https://us-phishalarm-ewt.proofpoint.com/EWT/v1/KGKeukY!vwQd8gYtD6YAJRdx_q5kdgm3OLXBcM95HeEl94_KL_6mxkURCMuftKcNbHReW2fU9tB1QtvrX0MSn7oap3Z8xWgzEOf8yb6HkuzdwGemwwQ6goa3NEbHNe7fd6eDgIHx-8XDmlOu6inURVg$" style="mso-padding-alt: 7.5px; padding: 7.5px; border-radius: 2px; border: 1.5px solid #666666; "><strong style="font-weight: normal; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height: 40px; "> Report Suspicious </strong></a> </td>
</tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
<![endif]-->
<![if !((ie)|(mso))]>
<div dir="ltr" lang="en" id="pfptBanneri8qpj56" style="all: revert !important; display:block !important; text-align: left !important; margin:16px 0px 16px 0px !important; padding:8px 16px 8px 16px !important; border-radius: 4px !important; min-width: 200px !important; background-color: #CFD3D7 !important; background-color: #CFD3D7; border-top: 4px solid #8c8e91 !important; border-top: 4px solid #8c8e91;">
<div id="pfptBanneri8qpj56" style="all: unset !important; float:left !important; display:block !important; margin: 0px 0px 1px 0px !important; max-width: 600px !important;">
<div id="pfptBanneri8qpj56" style="all: unset !important; display:block !important; visibility: visible !important; background-color: #CFD3D7 !important; color:#000000 !important; color:#000000; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif !important; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; font-weight:bold !important; font-weight:bold; font-size:14px !important; line-height:18px !important; line-height:18px">
This Message Is From an External Sender
</div>
<div id="pfptBanneri8qpj56" style="all: unset !important; display:block !important; visibility: visible !important; background-color: #CFD3D7 !important; color:#000000 !important; color:#000000; font-weight:normal; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif !important; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size:12px !important; line-height:18px !important; line-height:18px; margin-top:2px !important;">
This message came from outside your organization.
</div>
</div>
<div id="pfptBanneri8qpj56" style="all: unset !important; float: right !important; display: block !important; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 16px !important; text-align: right !important; width: fit-content !important;">
<a id="pfptBanneri8qpj56" href="https://us-phishalarm-ewt.proofpoint.com/EWT/v1/KGKeukY!vwQd8gYtD6YAJRdx_q5kdgm3OLXBcM95HeEl94_KL_6mxkURCMuftKcNbHReW2fU9tB1QtvrX0MSn7oap3Z8xWgzEOf8yb6HkuzdwGemwwQ6goa3NEbHNe7fd6eDgIHx-8XDmlOu6inURVg$"
style="all: unset !important; display: inline-block !important; text-decoration: none">
<div class="pfptPrimaryButtoni8qpj56" style="display: inline-block !important; display: inline-block; visibility: visible !important; opacity: 1 !important; color: #000000 !important; color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif !important; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: normal !important; text-decoration: none !important; border-radius: 2px !important; padding: 7.5px 16px !important; margin: 3px 0 3px 16px !important; white-space: nowrap !important; width: fit-content !important;
border: 1px solid #666666">
Report Suspicious
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div style="clear: both !important; display: block !important; visibility: hidden !important; line-height: 0 !important; font-size: 0.01px !important; height: 0px"> </div>
</div>
<![endif]>
<div style="display:none !important;display:none;visibility:hidden;mso-hide:all;font-size:1px;color:#ffffff;line-height:1px;height:0px;max-height:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">ZjQcmQRYFpfptBannerEnd</div>
<!-- Email Banner : END -->
<!-- BaNnErBlUrFlE-BoDy-end -->
<html>
<head><!-- BaNnErBlUrFlE-HeAdEr-start -->
<style>
#pfptBanneri8qpj56 { all: revert !important; display: block !important;
visibility: visible !important; opacity: 1 !important;
background-color: #CFD3D7 !important;
max-width: none !important; max-height: none !important }
.pfptPrimaryButtoni8qpj56:hover, .pfptPrimaryButtoni8qpj56:focus {
background-color: #adb0b4 !important; }
.pfptPrimaryButtoni8qpj56:active {
background-color: #8c8e91 !important; }
</style>
<!-- BaNnErBlUrFlE-HeAdEr-end -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1250">
</head>
<body>
<div dir="ltr">
<div></div>
<div style="">
<div dir="ltr">Hi Mark,</div>
<div dir="ltr">That visionary aspiration to swap the wasteful water closets for the earth closets certainly does not eclipse the common outhouse version that you described (even though there was a patent mentioned, the plan doesn't seem to have come to fruition). </div>
<div dir="ltr">There are, one assumes, many variants of earth closets including not only those good ol’ outhouses (sometimes with two seats or more!) but contemporary earth closets known as composting toilets: <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composting_toilet__;!!KGKeukY!0as6tGOhC7h2f3flgTdi3jwK-bZCjzRixz_HJcrPF_6fWvG1ZK6WjFi4rINXinPEYBIXG50VLKi8A3EYlC5wyDYWEC04$">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composting_toilet</a>). </div>
<div dir="ltr">A strange topic but intriguing nonetheless....</div>
<div dir="ltr">Cheers,</div>
<div dir="ltr">Vara</div>
<div id="ms-outlook-mobile-signature">
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr">Vara Neverow</div>
<div style="direction:ltr;text-align:left" dir="auto">(she/her/hers)</div>
<div style="direction:ltr;text-align:left" dir="auto">Professor, <span>English Department and Women’s and Gender Studies Program</span></div>
<div style="direction:ltr;text-align:left" dir="auto"><span>Managing Editor, Virginia Woolf Miscellany</span><span> </span></div>
<div style="direction:ltr">Southern Connecticut State University </div>
<div style="direction:ltr;text-align:left" dir="auto"><span>New Haven, CT 06515</span><br>
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr">203-392-6717</div>
<div style="direction:ltr;text-align:left" dir="auto">neverowv1@southernct.edu</div>
<div style="direction:ltr;text-align:left" dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr;text-align:left" dir="auto">I acknowledge that Southern Connecticut State University was built on traditional territory of the indigenous peoples and nations of the Paugusett and Quinnepiac peoples.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> mark.travis@frontier.com <mark.travis@frontier.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, July 10, 2024 5:30:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> vwoolf@lists.osu.edu <vwoolf@lists.osu.edu>; Stuart N. Clarke <stuart.n.clarke@btinternet.com>; Neverow, Vara S. <neverowv1@southernct.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Vwoolf] E.C.?? An article from 1869 about earth closets</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="x_ydp38d58dd4yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px">
<div></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">I apologize for my inappropriate remark about outhouses. I remember reading a book about visitors from the future, one of whom asked if it was really true that humans in what was then the present actually disposed of their
waste in the water supply. It may have been 'Woman on the Edge of Time'. It's been a long time since I read it. The earth closet as described in this piece sounds like a much more logical, if perhaps logistically problematic in densely populated areas,
and ecologically beneficial way of doing things.<br>
<br>
Again, my apologies to the readers of this group. I am not among those who believe that ignorance is bliss. Thank you, Vara, for the enlightenment.<br>
<br>
Mark Scott<br>
Common Reader<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div id="x_yahoo_quoted_1146321061" class="x_yahoo_quoted">
<div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; color:#26282a">
<div>On Wednesday, July 10, 2024 at 05:51:58 AM PDT, Neverow, Vara S. <neverowv1@southernct.edu> wrote:
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div id="x_yiv3537135110"><style type="text/css">
<!--
#x_yiv3537135110 p
{margin-top:0;
margin-bottom:0}
-->
</style>
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="margin:0px auto">
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="text-align:left; text-indent:0px; line-height:1.75; margin:0px auto; font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWAb4511624-8f53-64d9-303c-df70ed1119b4" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-closets/__;!!KGKeukY!0as6tGOhC7h2f3flgTdi3jwK-bZCjzRixz_HJcrPF_6fWvG1ZK6WjFi4rINXinPEYBIXG50VLKi8A3EYlC5wyEq9G1QK$" originalsrc="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-closets/" shash="ij2H9bvv0L3KovA33vcmtXeOcpz16wzFol+Jzix2GmNwz+S6/1SPPMoQPGeoLbQTYkePaCit9fjuKQFpG7h9drJipMi21oYfs56slNUTME73BMSJZAyqNLk2QBae7wy1Vm68MDZMjMlCQ+3vyulpjuxFB006hNagwOFtmmne6Rc=" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-closets/</a></div>
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="text-align:left; text-indent:0px; line-height:1.75; margin:0px auto; font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<i>This article was originally published with the title “Earth Closets” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 20 No. 20
</i>
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="text-align:left; line-height:1.75">
(May 1869<i>), p. 313</i></div>
</div>
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="text-align:left; text-indent:0px; line-height:1.75; margin:0px auto; font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<small class="x_yiv3537135110doi-ggMy7" style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:New Times,serif; font-style:italic; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:currentcolor; font-size:11.2px; display:inline-block"></small>
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="text-align:left; text-indent:0px; line-height:1.75">
doi:10.1038/scientificamerican05151869-313b</div>
</div>
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="text-align:left; text-indent:0px; line-height:1.75; margin:0px auto; font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
The water closet, although a very convenient and almost indispensable appendage to a first-class residence, is open to many objections, arising from carelessness in its management, freezing of pipes, etc., which are too well known to need specification. The
earth closet, improved as it has been already, and doubtless will be, is destined, if we mistake not, to prove a formidable rival to the water closet. The general principle which gives value to the earth closet is the power of earth to deodorize decaying and
decomposed organic matters. This is due partly to its absorbent power upon gaseous compounds, and partly to chemical reaction, between the substances of which earth is composed and the offensive matters. The absorbent power of earth upon effluvia has been
long known. In rural districts the practice of burying clothes to rid them of smell caused by too intimate contact with that personally disagreeable, but to hop-growers exceedingly useful little animal, the skunk, is a common practice. It is well known that
excrementitious matters, covered with dry earth, are not only completely deodorized, but form the most valuable of all known fertilizers. The mechanical construction of earth closets, as they are now made, is such, that by a very simple movement, matters deposited
therein are instantaneously covered with a layer of dry earth, and, thus deodorized, may be removed with as little offense or trouble as ashes. The plan is commendable in many points of view. On shipboard its introduction would obviate the most intolerable
nuisance,. In hospitals it would greatly promote the health and comfort of both patients and their attendants. It is equally applicable to dwelling houses, wherever situated, and under any circumstances whatever, and is as applicable to a commode as to a room
set apart for the purpose. It removes all danger of the impregnation of wells with excrementitious matters, an accident now of frequent occurrence, and the cause of frightful epidemics. Its universal adoption would lessen the demand upon the water supply of
cities to a very large extent—an important consideration. It can be made convenient in use, and lastly, but not by any means least, such a system might be made to restore to lands the large amount of valuable fertilizing matters which now flow through the
sewers of seaboard towns to contaminate the water for miles around. The value of this now wasted sewerage is enormous. It may be estimated in millions annually. Engineers have racked their brains to devise some means of utilizing this waste; it seems to us
that the earth closet is the true method for its accomplishment. Not that we believe the Principle has been yet wrought out to perfection, but that it is capable of being applied so as to cover all the requirements of the case. Our attention was first called
to this subject by the perfect absence of smell, and the superior cleanliness of the earth closets of the Oneida Community, an association which, whatever its errors of belief, is not open to any criticism on the score of cleanliness. These closets are daily
cleaned, without inconvenience, by simply drawing away the earth and deodorized matter with the receptacle allotted to them, and replacing it by another. The compost is used on their lands, and is considered an extremely valuable manure. We are glad to see
that public attention is being directed to this matter on both sides of the Atlantic, and we trust the subject will be discussed, and the matter tested until its merits are fully established, A patent is pending at the Patent Office now on a very ingenious
earth closet, the invention of an Englishman. As soon as the patent issues we shall probably illustrate the subject in these columns.</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)"><a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWA5691eb8d-8003-a10a-2fc7-c424ced9a486" href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.scientificamerican.com/issue/sa/1869/05-15/__;!!KGKeukY!0as6tGOhC7h2f3flgTdi3jwK-bZCjzRixz_HJcrPF_6fWvG1ZK6WjFi4rINXinPEYBIXG50VLKi8A3EYlC5wyOTn8ahy$" originalsrc="https://www.scientificamerican.com/issue/sa/1869/05-15/" shash="dUQfMg6XN0ONVRToeO/tsNeaNdDZ5Rp8aMiIF5Fp7eXkaqYoX3vL34G0oKwqchEDyIwvwkmYo1m2iWrVqRKHuMO8IECl0CpCHPI91do9i3ACbajKKkPmECd3rpNHmP/RVdsmi/6C6AkBlfHVfzmO9BX+vujpDd9BcqEsJ87RzuI=" class="x_yiv3537135110issueThumb-BLiKJ x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="display:block"><img alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 20 Issue 20" width="300" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/29954114-1057-4F0D-94EEBA1B5723FF74_source.jpg" style="width:300px; height:auto; max-width:100%; border-radius:2%; display:block; vertical-align:middle"></a><cite class="x_yiv3537135110issueInfo-xUoIO" style="border-width:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:currentColor">This
article was originally published with the title “Earth Closets” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 20 No. 20 ( May 1869 ), p. 313<br clear="none">
<small class="x_yiv3537135110doi-ggMy7" style="border-width:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:currentColor; font-size:11.2px; display:inline-block">doi:10.1038/scientificamerican05151869-313b</small></cite></div>
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div class="x_yiv3537135110elementToProof" style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div id="x_yiv3537135110Signature">
<div style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:16px; color:rgb(32,31,30)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Vara Neverow</span></div>
<div style="text-align:left; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); margin:0px; font-family:New Times,serif; color:rgb(32,31,30)">
<span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">(she/her/hers)</span><span style="font-size:16px"><br clear="none">
Professor, English Department</span></div>
<div style="text-align:left; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); margin:0px; font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:16px; color:rgb(32,31,30)">
Editor, <i>Virginia Woolf Miscellany</i><br clear="none">
Southern Connecticut State University<br clear="none">
New Haven, CT 06515<br clear="none">
203-392-6717<br clear="none">
neverowv1@southernct.edu</div>
<div style="text-align:left; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); margin:0px; font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:9.75pt; color:rgb(32,31,30)">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255); margin:0px">
<p style="text-align:left; background-color:white; margin:0in; font-family:New serif; font-size:12pt">
<span style="color:black"><i>I acknowledge that Southern Connecticut </i></span><span style="color:rgb(32,31,30)"><i>State University was built on traditional territory of the indigenous peoples and nations of the Paugussett and Quinnipiac peoples.</i></span><span style="color:black"><i> </i></span><span style="font-size:10pt; color:rgb(32,31,30)"><i> </i></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left; background-color:white; margin:0in; font-family:New serif; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-size:10pt; color:rgb(32,31,30)"><i><br clear="none">
</i></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left; background-color:white; margin:0in; font-family:New serif">
<span style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:13.3333px; color:rgb(32,31,30)"><b>Recent Publications:</b></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left; background-color:white; margin:0in; font-family:New serif">
<span style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:13.3333px; color:rgb(32,31,30)">Lead editor,
<i>Virginia Woolf: Critical and Primary Sources </i>(Bloomsbury, 2020; with Jeanne Dubino, Kathryn Simpson, and Gill Lowe); Editor, Volume One, 1975-1984,
<i>Virginia Woolf: Critical and Primary Sources</i> (Bloomsbury, 2020); Co-editor,
<i>The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature</i> (Edinburgh, 2020; with Jeanne Dubino, Paulina
</span><span style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:10pt; color:rgb(32,31,30)">Paj¹k, Catherine H</span><span style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:13.3333px; color:rgb(32,31,30)">ollis, and Celiese Lypka)</span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br clear="none">
</span></div>
<div id="x_yiv3537135110appendonsend"></div>
<div style="font-family:New Times,serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br clear="none">
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div id="x_yiv3537135110yqt63584" class="x_yiv3537135110yqt0945866891">
<div dir="ltr" id="x_yiv3537135110divRplyFwdMsg"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; font-size:11pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)"><b>From:</b> Vwoolf <vwoolf-bounces@lists.osu.edu> on behalf of mark.travis--- via Vwoolf <vwoolf@lists.osu.edu><br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 9, 2024 5:07 PM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> vwoolf@lists.osu.edu <vwoolf@lists.osu.edu>; Stuart N. Clarke <stuart.n.clarke@btinternet.com><br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Vwoolf] E.C.??</span>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px">
Commonly known in the USA as an outhouse.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Mark Scott<br clear="none">
Very Common Reader (who has used a few of them in my day)</div>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px"><br clear="none">
</div>
<div id="x_yiv3537135110x_yahoo_quoted_0568228703" class="x_yiv3537135110x_yahoo_quoted">
<div style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; color:rgb(38,40,42)">
On Tuesday, July 9, 2024 at 12:27:10 PM PDT, Stuart N. Clarke via Vwoolf <vwoolf@lists.osu.edu> wrote:</div>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; color:rgb(38,40,42)">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; color:rgb(38,40,42)">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="direction:ltr; font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; color:rgb(38,40,42)">
I have just remembered that I was told by someone perhaps 10+ years older<br clear="none">
than I that when she graduated from her DipEd in NSW, she was (compulsorily)<br clear="none">
sent out to the bush (i.e. into the country) on her first school posting,<br clear="none">
and the first thing she had to do was dig a latrine trench. For how many I<br clear="none">
don't know.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Stuart<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
-----Original Message-----<br clear="none">
From: Stuart N. Clarke via Vwoolf<br clear="none">
Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2024 7:47 PM<br clear="none">
To: Edward Mendelson ; <a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWA1bd79809-df00-8414-fae5-974a73df034a" href="mailto:vwoolf@lists.osu.edu" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
vwoolf@lists.osu.edu</a><br clear="none">
Subject: Re: [Vwoolf] E.C.??<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
An EC is an earth closet. I've used one, or at least some repellent version<br clear="none">
of one.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Stuart<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
-----Original Message-----<br clear="none">
From: Edward Mendelson via Vwoolf<br clear="none">
Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2024 7:35 PM<br clear="none">
To: <a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWA2a7107ed-b4e7-9f62-8861-6ddff550d984" href="mailto:vwoolf@lists.osu.edu" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
vwoolf@lists.osu.edu</a><br clear="none">
Subject: [Vwoolf] E.C.??<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Virginia Woolf at least twice writes in her diary about an “E.C.” where the<br clear="none">
sense seems to call for “W.C.”:<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
3 July 1919: "Nor is there hot water, nor a bath, & as for the E.C. I was<br clear="none">
never shown it.”<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
1 October 1920: “execrable weather, no bath, one servant, & an E.C. down a<br clear="none">
winding glade.”<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Am I misinterpreting E.C.? Does the E. perhaps stand for “eau”? Is there a<br clear="none">
private joke in which the “W” written sideways as an “E”? Am I missing the<br clear="none">
point entirely?<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Enlightenment will be gratefully received.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
_______________________________________________<br clear="none">
Vwoolf mailing list<br clear="none">
<a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWA1ed4232c-6e47-bb4c-a3d9-57f2a4e673e2" href="mailto:Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu</a><br clear="none">
<a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWA8b717eee-d1fd-b58b-dcb5-9f40d788130a" href="https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf" originalsrc="https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf" shash="RiDh2qOIKK5kQuNWsnsuKeHuMHq5a3TpJ8c7oFl0SJg9P5mgPcWKMiBGu0KUz8X28u6qEThU8al0w7GTHLOzSV7MHdEHwlH2ij+x8SVgD7h+onsAJijN5NqKYJ/2FuWBJHIUdVzy+Ye7xs5U8gEi8GclivVQeFY/o3MIeUNQfs4=" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf</a></div>
<div id="x_yiv3537135110x_yqtfd20634" class="x_yiv3537135110x_yqt1520802965"><br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
_______________________________________________<br clear="none">
Vwoolf mailing list<br clear="none">
<a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWAb62d21cb-1339-7da7-3d30-50463a7f5e53" href="mailto:Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu</a><br clear="none">
<a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWA5e168648-e567-ac55-2544-f42f17483d57" href="https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf" originalsrc="https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf" shash="ZtUEaDBROi34/8oRptRYfqJRR1BEdzxU2IIbxUfgwxkZtbtplJYUa4Ca1bssqQnNc0+KIx1Fa06DGpNhS5nstUH8Hj8BMc8V6uxEIIn+zoSJNpAy3LtyXlx2l3WaqKCvK7vMVq4kMBNtErFXfUZvmlQ9S8Aw26+BloqTeM9Pms0=" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf</a><br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
_______________________________________________<br clear="none">
Vwoolf mailing list<br clear="none">
<a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWAf666c72b-4b59-286a-1ba0-888c7b585a86" href="mailto:Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu</a><br clear="none">
<a shape="rect" id="x_yiv3537135110OWA6cc9fa1d-0908-ab58-0041-60bea3035088" href="https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf" originalsrc="https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf" shash="K0lWkZ4lItbCU2WKSv3+tRGPsP9yiyE3OAkArYOxxjBBv/FvhLn7XfnjEagpVbwt5U62f5crOQC5kps8oqKZ8vNtR8feQeD51K9cH4qnFTHLEJVKZ83HRSnnQ3JA9PfpIxWrt/o2sU2GeN51zHk9iRf2MBtIEg9NLC2H+ACCHjE=" class="x_yiv3537135110OWAAutoLink" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf</a><br clear="none">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>