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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'>I have also read this as a promotion from the ranks to officer. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'>Clerks were among the largest group of men who volunteered to fight. As more officers (typically men from military families and public schools) were killed, it became easier for middle class men and others to be promoted. There were even a few cases in which black British soldiers were promoted, even though, officially, this was not permitted. </span><span style='color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'>Commissioned ranks—positions as officers—according to the <i>King’s Regulations </i>required “pure European parentage</span><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'>.” Black Britons who rose to the ranks of officers including George Bemand, J.S Risien Russell, John Albert Gordon Smyth, and Walter Tull.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'>That said, if there are other ideas about this reference, I would love to hear them!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#2F5597;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%'>Danell<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Californian FB",serif;color:#2E74B5'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Vwoolf [mailto:vwoolf-bounces@lists.osu.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Leslie Hankins<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, November 01, 2015 11:21 AM<br><b>To:</b> International Virginia Woolf Society <ivwsociety@gmail.com>; Virginia Woolf <Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu><br><b>Subject:</b> [Vwoolf] Septimus and promotion<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi all, I have a question and I do not want to risk making a 'howler' as VW put it. When Rezia says that Septimus was promoted, does that mean promoted to officer status?<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Does anyone know what promotion means in Brit army context?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I bet it is in Karen's book, which is of course in my office and I'm home.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks, leslie<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="mailto:lhankins@cornellcollege.edu">lhankins@cornellcollege.edu</a><br clear=all><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>-- <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#9900FF'>Leslie Kathleen Hankins</span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#9900FF'>Professor</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#9900FF'>Department of English & Creative Writing</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#9900FF'>"Moreover, however interesting facts may be, they are an inferior form of fiction, & gradually we become impatient of their weakness & diffuseness, of their compromises & evasions, of the slovenly sentences which they make for themselves, and are eager to revive ourselves with the greater intensity & truth of fiction." </span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#9900FF'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#9900FF'> Virginia Woolf, "How Should One Read a Book?"</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>