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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I think what’s meant by “research outputs should not be financed more than once by public money” is not that the journals/presses are public but the academic research is. European universities, like nearly all
in Australia and like many but very much *<b>not</b>* all in the US, are public institutions funded in whole or in part by the government (in Germany it’s just become whole, in Australia it’s a rapidly decreasing part), and most of the grants available to
individual researchers are also government-funded. Hence the public is paying, in the form of taxes, for the academics at those publicly-funded institutions to perform research. The theory then is that that research should be openly available to the people
who paid for it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Caroline Webb<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">The University of Newcastle, Australia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"> Vwoolf [mailto:vwoolf-bounces+caroline.webb=newcastle.edu.au@lists.osu.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>June Cummins<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, 25 November 2014 9:48 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> vwoolf@lists.osu.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Vwoolf] R: Open Access<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:13.5pt">In the United States, academic publishing is not financed by public money except in cases where the press hosting the journal is in a public university and even then, very little
of the press's finances are coming from "the public." Academic publishing is paid for through subscriptions, which are owned either by individuals or more often by universities. Perhaps this basic difference in academic publishing is the reason U.S. scholars
don't understand European methods of making scholarship available.<br>
<br>
June Cummins</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On 11/24/14, 4:39 PM, Francesca wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">Dear professor Hussey,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">I dare answer your question even though I do not belong to the academic world; I just have a degree (I wrote a dissertation about The Voyage Out) and
a PhD (again about travel literature) but I am a librarian who works in Italy, at the Library System of the University of Trento.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">One of my professional tasks is related to Open Access. I will not bother you all advocating for OA (there are a lot of reliable websites you can read
in order to get the information you may be interested in) but I will just add some words about your remark:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">>></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">journals that give their content away for nothing</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">OA journals are peer-reviewed journals which do not give away *<b>their</b>* content for nothing (I am highlighting “their” because the content’s rights
should not be considered as “the publisher’s”, but should be retained by the author…).
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">These journals are just based on a different economic model.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">Research outputs (articles) should not be financed more than once by public money. There is no reason whatsoever for publicly financing a research project
at the begining, then selling the output to a commercial publisher, which must be re-paid again by libraries (subscriptions) to enable researchers and students access the article.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">In OA, Universities and researchers pay just once (with research grants) for a paper to be published. After that, nothing more is due to the publisher;
the paper goes through the journal's normal peer review process and the article is then freely and openly available because it has already been paid.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">It is so sad that after eleven years from the Berlin Declaration there should be still so many misunderstandings and biases about Open Access. I do
not ask you to adhere to OA movement of course, but I would consider myself professionally satisfied if an unbiased knowledge of OA principles were slowly achieved.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">Sincecerly yours (and apologizing for my English),</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy">Francesca Valentini</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:navy"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Da:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Vwoolf [<a href="mailto:vwoolf-bounces+frvln=hotmail.com@lists.osu.edu">mailto:vwoolf-bounces+frvln=hotmail.com@lists.osu.edu</a>]
<b>Per conto di </b>Mark Hussey<br>
<b>Inviato:</b> luned́ 24 novembre 2014 </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">22.53<br>
<b>A:</b> <a href="mailto:VWOOLF@lists.acs.ohio-state.edu">VWOOLF@lists.acs.ohio-state.edu</a><br>
<b>Oggetto:</b> [Vwoolf] Open Access</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Do those of you likely to publish in US-based journals (such as, for example,
<i>Woolf Studies Annual</i>!) have any concerns about the UK government’s forthcoming requirement that to be counted you may only publish in journals that give their content away for nothing?
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Vwoolf mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="mailto:Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu">Vwoolf@lists.osu.edu</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf">https://lists.osu.edu/mailman/listinfo/vwoolf</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">--
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">________________________________________<br>
June Cummins, Associate Professor<br>
Director, Graduate Program<br>
Department of English and Comparative Literature<br>
San Diego State University<br>
<a href="mailto:jcummins@mail.sdsu.edu">jcummins@mail.sdsu.edu</a><br>
SDSU Children’s Literature Program<br>
<a href="http://childlit.sdsu.edu"><span class="grame">childlit.sdsu.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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