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<DIV>A Polish translator of “The Waves” keeps asking us questions. Some
answers are pretty obvious, some require thinking about, but some are mysterious
to a greater or lesser extent. E.g.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: pl; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-gb; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa">“I
like to be with <SPAN
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat; BACKGROUND-ATTACHMENT: scroll; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0% 0%; mso-highlight: yellow"><FONT
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">people who twist
herbs”</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: ; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: pl; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-gb; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa"><SPAN
style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat; BACKGROUND-ATTACHMENT: scroll; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0% 0%; mso-highlight: yellow">Isa
does the same sort of thing in ”Between the Acts”: </SPAN></SPAN>“ I pluck the
bitter herb by the ruined wall, the churchyard wall, and press its sour, its
sweet, its sour, long grey leaf, so, twixt thumb and finger. . . .”</DIV>
<DIV>However, the phrase “twist herbs” is not familiar to me. But it’s
caught someone’s imagination!</DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://thegenealogyofstyle.wordpress.com/2013/07/19/those-who-twist-herbs">http://thegenealogyofstyle.wordpress.com/2013/07/19/those-who-twist-herbs</A></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: ; COLOR: ; TEXT-DECORATION: ; DISPLAY: inline">
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: ; LINE-HEIGHT: normal">
<DIV><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"></FONT> </DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>So, I don’t feel too bad about puzzling over the following for several
hours over a number of years. Clarissa is in Bond St and observes:</DIV>
<DIV>“The British middle classes sitting sideways on the tops of omnibuses with
parcels and umbrellas, yes, even furs on a day like this ...”</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Firstly, why does she only see middle-class people on the tops of
omnibuses. Is she blind to the lower classes? Did the lower classes
tend to travel downstairs and the middle classes upstairs? I don’t think
so. Perhaps it’s because it’s the middle of a weekday morning in Mayfair:
why would the working classes be on such a bus? Of course, there’s Edgar
J. Watkiss, but he’s obviously a workman, walking along the street “with his
roll of lead piping round his arm”. Was price relevant? Bus and tube
fares increased by 40% on 26 Sep 1920 to 1½d. for up to 1 mile, 2d. for 1½
miles, and 1d. per mile thereafter (Baker, p. 57). Elizabeth’s journey is
about 3 miles: “she would like to go a little further. Another penny was it to
the Strand? Here was another penny then. She would go up the Strand.”</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Secondly, what puzzles me even more is “sitting sideways”. (a) What
does this mean? (b) Even if we know what it means, what is the
significance of “sideways”? Why even mention it?</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Background: In the first half of the 1920s in the centre of London, almost
all buses were double-decker with open tops and open staircases. (There
were single-deckers farther out, but they had roofs; otherwise, I suppose they
would have been like charabancs.) The driver was in the open air and had
no protection from the elements, not even a windscreen.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>While there was quite a variety of vehicles (see earlier email), the
majority fell into two types: </DIV>
<DIV>The B: downstairs passengers sat lengthways with their backs to the
windows.</DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://www.doubledecker-bus.com/2009/11/b-type">http://www.doubledecker-bus.com/2009/11/b-type</A></DIV>
<DIV><A title=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGOC_B-type
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGOC_B-type">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGOC_B-type</A></DIV>
<DIV>The K (also the S-type): downstairs passengers sat on “transverse seats,
two by two either side of the central gangway ... the layout with which we are
familiar today” (Baker, p. 57).</DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://www.doubledecker-bus.com/2009/11/k-type">http://www.doubledecker-bus.com/2009/11/k-type</A></DIV>
<DIV><A title=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEC_K-type
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEC_K-type">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEC_K-type</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Neither type had pneumatic tyres. In both, the upstairs passengers
sat on transverse wooden seats; we could say that they all sat “sideways”.
The days when the upstairs passengers sat back-to-back lengthways on a
“knifeboard” arrangement had long gone. The B-type was the first reliable
motorised bus; from about 1911 it “helped spell the end for the horse drawn
bus”. I suggest, very tentatively, that that word “sideways” is one more
post-war ref. in “Mrs. Dalloway”. The knifeboard arrangement upstairs
belongs to the horse-drawn past; see, e.g., this photo. from 1900:</DIV>
<DIV><A
title=http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/london-knifeboard-horse-bus-in-trafalgar-square-london-news-photo/3324619#
href="http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/london-knifeboard-horse-bus-in-trafalgar-square-london-news-photo/3324619#">http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/london-knifeboard-horse-bus-in-trafalgar-square-london-news-photo/3324619#</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>[Correction below: “London Transport General Company” ought to have read
“London General Omnibus Company”.]</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Stuart</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none; DISPLAY: inline"><B>From:</B>
<A title=stuart.n.clarke@btinternet.com
href="mailto:stuart.n.clarke@btinternet.com">Stuart N. Clarke</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt tahoma">
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, September 03, 2013 3:08 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=vwoolf@lists.service.ohio-state.edu
href="mailto:vwoolf@lists.service.ohio-state.edu">vwoolf@lists.service.ohio-state.edu</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Vwoolf] Pirate omnibuses</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
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<DIV>Yes, the different bus companies had different colours.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: none"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">In <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Moments of
Being</I> Virginia remembered her mother, who</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: none"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: none"><SPAN><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">“did all her immense
rounds—shopping, calling, visiting hospitals and work houses—in omnibuses.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>She was an omnibus expert.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>She would nip from the red to the blue,
from the blue to the yellow, and make them somehow connect and convey her all
over London.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Sometimes she would
come home very tired, owning that she had missed her bus or the bus had been
full up, or she had got beyond the radius of her favourite
buses.”</FONT></FONT></SPAN><BR clear=all>
<DIV
style="FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none; DISPLAY: inline"><FONT
size=3 face=Calibri></FONT>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt tahoma">
<DIV><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>However, by the 1920s the main co. was the London
Transport General Company (the LGOC, or the “General”), and its livery was red,
and that’s why London buses are red today.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3 face=Calibri></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>Stuart</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3 face=Calibri></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3 face=Calibri></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=danelljones@bresnan.net
href="mailto:danelljones@bresnan.net">Danell Jones</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, September 03, 2013 3:01 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=vwoolf@lists.service.ohio-state.edu
href="mailto:vwoolf@lists.service.ohio-state.edu">vwoolf@lists.service.ohio-state.edu</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Vwoolf] Pirate omnibuses</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none; DISPLAY: inline"><FONT
face="Californian FB">I LOVE this Stuart! <BR><BR>I knew there were
competing bus companies. Weren't they painted different colors? But
I didn't know there were "pirates"! <BR><BR>Thanks so much for
sharing. It helps us see just how daring Elizabeth
is.<BR><BR>Danell<BR><BR><BR><BR></FONT>
<DIV class=moz-cite-prefix>On 9/3/2013 7:54 AM, Stuart N. Clarke
wrote:<BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE cite=mid:273ACDA4A7AE49B19DB3AD1ABE1F0138@StuartHP type="cite">
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<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">
<DIV>Elizabeth Dalloway gets on an “irregular” ‘bus in Victoria St, nr the
Army and Navy Stores:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>“She took a seat on top. The impetuous creature—a pirate—started forward,
sprang away; she had to hold the rail to steady herself, for a pirate it was,
reckless, unscrupulous, bearing down ruthlessly, circumventing dangerously,
boldly snatching a passenger, or ignoring a passenger, squeezing eel-like and
arrogant in between, and then rushing insolently all sails spread up
Whitehall.”</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Then into Trafalgar Sq, along the Strand. She gets off at Chancery
Lane, just past the Royal Courts of Justice where the Strand becomes Fleet
St.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>The most famous bus route in London is the no. 11. The savvy (and
economical) tourist choses that bus rather than a tour bus, as the no. 11 goes
past so many famous sights, inc. St Paul’s, on its way to Liverpool St
Station. The new London bus starts on that route on 21 Sept:</DIV>
<DIV><A title=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/15493.aspx
href="http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/15493.aspx"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/15493.aspx</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>“The very first ‘pirate’ bus to operate in central London began work on
route 11 ... on 5 August 1922, and by the end of 1923 there were 70 such
operators.”, Michael H. C. Baker, “London Transport in the 1920s” (Hersham,
Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, 2009), p. 8.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>The no. 11 goes past the Army & Navy Stores.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>The ref. to a pirate bus is yet one more post-war ref. in “Mrs.
Dalloway”:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>“Some young men, having acquired skills in a war which was described as
the first truly mechanical one, bought a war-surplus bus or lorry ... and set
up business. A downpayment of £100 was all that was necessary; the
Metropolitan Police had to approve the roadworthiness of the vehicle, but,
that done, it could operate wherever its owner chose. ... At the beginning of
1920 the demand for buses far outstripped the number available, and there was
plenty of scope for those who were prepared to take up the
challenge. Very few of these enterprises were long lived ...”
(“London Transport in the 1920s”, pp. 7-8).</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Stuart</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>