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<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#949494;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.85pt"><a href="https://ohiograpeweb.cfaes.ohio-state.edu/blog/"><span style="color:#949494">Buckeye Appellation Blog</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2 style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:24.0pt">
<span style="font-size:19.5pt;color:#BA0000"><a href="https://ohiograpeweb.cfaes.ohio-state.edu/blog/january-22-2024-439pm/epa-review-thiram-ferbam-and-ziram"><span style="color:#BA0000">EPA Review of Thiram, Ferbam, and Ziram</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom:.75pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:#666666">Monday, January 22nd, 2024<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666">By: Melanie L. Lewis Ivey, Associate Professor, Extension Fruit Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology</span></em><span style="color:#666666"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><strong><i><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666">This article can be found in the January 2024 issue of
<a href="https://u.osu.edu/fruitpathology/fruit-news-2/"><span style="color:#005581">Ohio Fruit News</span></a>.
</span></i></strong><span style="color:#666666"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#666666">In December 2023, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed an interim decision for the registrations for thiram, ferbam and ziram. Despite updates and recommendations for ziram, presented during the public comment period
for the 2021 proposed interim decision, changes were not made to the previous risk picture and proposal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="background-scarlet"><span style="color:#666666">Thiram, ferbam and ziram are critical to the successful management of fruit diseases and the prevention of fungicide resistance development. Final decisions on the proposed interim decisions are scheduled
for April-June 2024. An open 60-day public comment period is planned for the beginning of 2024. Once the comment period opens, comments can be submitted on-line or by mail. Open comment periods are announced at
<a href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticide-reevaluation"><span style="color:#005581">www.epa.gov/pesticide-reevaluation.</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="background-scarlet"><span style="color:#666666">Representatives from the EPA have emphasized that without new data or significant numbers of comments, the proposed interim decision on these products is unlikely to change.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#666666">The EPA will only announce final changes to the registrations of all pesticides through the “<a href="https://www.epa.gov/endangered-species/bulletins-live-two-view-bulletins"><span style="color:#005581">Bulletins Live – 2</span></a>”
website. However, the OSU Extension Specialty Crop Team will make every effort to keep fruit producers in the state updated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#666666"><img border="0" width="292" height="219" style="width:3.0416in;height:2.2812in" id="Picture_x0020_12" src="cid:image003.jpg@01DA4D52.9445CB70"></span><span style="color:#666666"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666">Figure 1.</span></em><span style="color:#666666"> Peach leaf curl is most effectively controlled using Ferbam or Ziram.
<em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Image courtesy of K. Peter, Penn State University.</span></em><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666">Thiram</span></strong><b><span style="color:#666666"><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0433</span></strong></span></b><span style="color:#666666"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><u><span style="color:#666666">Risks of Concern</span></u><span style="color:#666666">: There are risks of concern for “fish (both freshwater and estuarine/marine), aquatic invertebrates, mammals, terrestrial invertebrates, birds, and aquatic and terrestrial
plants.” In addition, there are “exposure concerns to occupational handlers and post application risks”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><u><span style="color:#666666">Proposed Mitigation</span></u><span style="color:#666666">: To address the risks of concerns for thiram the following mitigation strategies were proposed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">Cancellation of all non-seed treatment uses such as strawberries, peaches, non-bearing trees, shrubs, nursery stock, ornamentals.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">Cancellation for all commercial seed treatment uses.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">Only on-farm seed treatment for liquid formulations and use of a PF10 respirator for some crops (snap bean, rice, soybean, and wheat).<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">Limit animal repellency use in nursery settings (ornamentals, vegetables, trees, container stock) to 84178-1 only. This product is also registered for other use sites and those uses must be removed from the
label. Applications must be made with a manually pressurized handgun. All other products must remove their animal repellency use from the label.<o:p></o:p></li></ul>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666">Ferbam</span></strong><span style="color:#666666"><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0567</span></strong><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><u><span style="color:#666666">Risks of Concern</span></u><span style="color:#666666">: There are risks of concern for “fish (both freshwater and estuarine/marine), aquatic invertebrates, mammals, terrestrial invertebrates, and birds.” In addition, there
are “exposure concerns to occupational handlers and occupational post application risks for workers”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><u><span style="color:#666666">Proposed Mitigation</span></u><span style="color:#666666">: To address the risks of concerns for ferbam the following mitigation strategies were proposed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">Cancellation of all uses on apple, pear, citrus, mango, and cranberries.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">Restrict the application method to only be applied by a mechanically pressurized handgun on peach and nectarine for dry flowable formulations and require the use of a PF50 respirator.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">Only dormant period applications for peaches and nectarines.<o:p></o:p></li></ul>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666">Ziram</span></strong><b><span style="color:#666666"><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">EPA-HQ-OPP_2015-0568</span></strong></span></b><span style="color:#666666"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><u><span style="color:#666666">Risks of Concern</span></u><span style="color:#666666">: There are risks of concern for “fish (both freshwater and estuarine/marine), aquatic invertebrates, mammals, birds, and terrestrial invertebrates”. In addition, there
are “dermal and inhalation exposures to occupational handlers, post-application occupational risks (dermal), and bystander (non-occupational) risks to adults (dermal) and children (combined dermal and incidental oral)”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><u><span style="color:#666666">Proposed Mitigation</span></u><span style="color:#666666">: To address the risks of concerns for ziram the following mitigation strategies were proposed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">Cancellation of all uses on all crops.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">Cancellation of uses for paint preservatives.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">Engineering controls for the non-paint materials preservative uses.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">Reducing the maximum application rate in all ziram-preserved building materials.<o:p></o:p></li><li style="color:#666666;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3">Limiting application to the dry-end of the paper preservation process.<o:p></o:p></li></ul>
<p><span style="color:#666666"><img border="0" width="334" height="508" style="width:3.4791in;height:5.2916in" id="Picture_x0020_11" src="cid:image004.jpg@01DA4D52.9445CB70"></span><span style="color:#666666"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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