<html><head><style type='text/css'>p { margin: 0; }</style></head><body><div style='font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000'>Thanks!!! That is what I would probably do also.<br><br><hr id="zwchr"><div style="color:#000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;"><b>From: </b>"Barry Walfish" <barry.walfish@utoronto.ca><br><b>To: </b>"Hebrew Name Authority Funnel" <heb-naco@lists.service.ohio-state.edu><br><b>Sent: </b>Monday, April 8, 2013 8:34:31 AM<br><b>Subject: </b>Re: [Heb-NACO] pronunciaton of kamats with meteg<br><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dear Heidi,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">It seems to me that both ways are acceptable and there is no clear-cut right or wrong way here. It depends on tradition and custom. So it’s not worth obsessing
about it. I personally would say Na-o-mi.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">My two cents.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Best,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Barry</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> heb-naco-bounces@lists.service.ohio-state.edu [mailto:heb-naco-bounces@lists.service.ohio-state.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Biella, Joan<br>
<b>Sent:</b> April 8, 2013 9:39 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Hebrew Name Authority Funnel'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Heb-NACO] pronunciaton of kamats with meteg</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">Here are some remarks on metheg by my two favorite Hebrew grammarians. It's hard for me to transcribe voweled Hebrew script in e-mail, so I've just
marked all the vowels with metheg in <span style="color:red">RED</span>. I hope you can follow the arguments below.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">Joan</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">Lambdin, T.O.
<i>Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. </i>New York : Scribers, c1971, pages xxvii-xxviii</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:2.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">Metheg</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">The metheg is a short perpendicular stroke placed under a consonant and to the left of the vowel sign (if any). It serves several purposes in the orthography,
of which the following are the most important:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:4.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">1) Since the vowels
<b>ā</b> and </span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ē</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> are regularly replaced
by </span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ə</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> in open syllables two or more
places before the main stress, their appearance in such positions may be regarded as anomalous. They are usually marked with metheg:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red" lang="EN-US">ā</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">noki
I</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">b</span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ē</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">rakhtani
you blessed me</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:4.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">2) In fact, any long vowel occurring two or more syllables before the main stress may be so marked, although manuscripts are inconsistent in this.
Compare</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">h</span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ō</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">sha</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ<span lang="EN-US">
save!</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">h</span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ō</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">shi</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ<span lang="EN-US">eni
save me!</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">This usage is particularly important with the vowel qamets, which is a short vowel
<b>o</b> in closed, unaccented syllables and a long vowel <b>ā</b> elsewhere. This metheg is used with qamets =
<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b> in any doubtful position to ensure the correct reading:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">yev<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>rekheni he will bless me (not yevorkheni)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:4.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">3) Short vowels before the main stress usually occur in closed syllables. Whenever the contrary occurs, the vowel may be marked with metheg:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">t<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ă</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">mod
she will stand</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red" lang="EN-US">o</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">h</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ŏ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">lo
his tent</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">This last example, with qamets =
<b>o</b>, would seem to cancel out th eusefulness of metheg for distinguishing between the two values of qamets mentioned above. Actually, this is not often so, since qamets =
<b>ā</b> is very rarely followed by qamets = <b>o</b> in the next syllable, but rather by
</span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ă</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">: e.g. b<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>ḥ</span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ă</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">ru
(they chose).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">Gesenius</span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">’<span lang="EN-US"> Hebrew Grammar</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">
as edited and enlarged by the late E. Kautzsch. 2<sup>nd</sup> English edition revised by A.E. Cowley. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1966, pages 50-51.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:2.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">In all these cases the Jewish grammarians regard the Metheg accompanying the Qameṣ as indicating a Qameṣ raḥabh (broad Qameṣ)
and therefore read the Qameṣ as <b>ā</b> ; thus p<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>-</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ŏ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">lo,
d<b><span style="color:red">ā</span>-</b>reban, p<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>-</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ŏ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">l</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">ə</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">kha,
q<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>-dāshim. But neither the origin of these forms, nor the analogous formations in Hebrew and in the cognate languages, nor the transcription of proper names in the LXX [e.g.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">Νοομι</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">], allows us to regard
this view as correct.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">
<a href="mailto:heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu" target="_blank">heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu</a> [<a href="mailto:heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu" target="_blank">mailto:heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Heidi G Lerner<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 04, 2013 11:37 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Hebrew Name Authority Funnel<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Heb-NACO] pronunciaton of kamats with meteg</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">I am reading Sefer Rut on Shavuot and I have a question on the pronunciation of
<br>
</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="HE">נעמי
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">when the 1st kamats under the "</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="HE">נ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"><span dir="LTR"></span>"
has a meteg next to it. Normally </span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="HE">נעמי
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">is pronounced "No</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">ʻ</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">omi".<br>
However, in Sefer Rut it is very often written with the meteg. Wouldn't that mean that it should be pronounced "Na</span><span style="font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">ʻ</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">omi"?<br>
To the best of my limited knowledge the meteg can appear with a long vowel in an unaccented syllable.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">"Meteg is also sometimes used in Biblical Hebrew to mark a
<a title="Vowel length">long vowel</a>. While short and long vowels are largely allophonic, they are not always predictable from spelling, e.g.
</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="HE">ויראו
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"><span dir="LTR"></span>'and they saw' vs.
</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="HE">ויראו
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"><span dir="LTR"></span>'and they feared'. Meteg's indication of length also indirectly indicates that a following
<a title="Shva">shva</a> is vocal, as in the previous case. Note that this may distinguish qamatz gadol and qatan, e.g.
</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="HE">שמרה
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"><span dir="LTR"></span>'she guarded' vs.
</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="HE">שמרה
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"><span dir="LTR"></span>'guard (volitive)'."--Wikipedia.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">Any confirmation of the correct pronunciation will be appreciated.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">Thanks, Heidi</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
-- </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black" lang="EN-US">Heidi G. Lerner<br>
Hebraica/Judaica Cataloger<br>
Metadata Development Unit<br>
Stanford University Libraries<br>
Stanford, CA 94305-6004<br>
e-mail: <a href="mailto:lerner@stanford.edu" target="_blank">lerner@stanford.edu</a><br>
ph: 650-725-9953<br>
fax: 650-725-1120</span></p>
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