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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dear Heidi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">It seems to me that both ways are acceptable and there is no clear-cut right or wrong way here. It depends on tradition and custom. So it’s not worth obsessing
about it. I personally would say Na-o-mi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">My two cents.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Barry<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> heb-naco-bounces@lists.service.ohio-state.edu [mailto:heb-naco-bounces@lists.service.ohio-state.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Biella, Joan<br>
<b>Sent:</b> April 8, 2013 9:39 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Hebrew Name Authority Funnel'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Heb-NACO] pronunciaton of kamats with meteg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">Here are some remarks on metheg by my two favorite Hebrew grammarians. It's hard for me to transcribe voweled Hebrew script in e-mail, so I've just
marked all the vowels with metheg in <span style="color:red">RED</span>. I hope you can follow the arguments below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">Joan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">Lambdin, T.O.
<i>Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. </i>New York : Scribers, c1971, pages xxvii-xxviii<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:2.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">Metheg<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">The metheg is a short perpendicular stroke placed under a consonant and to the left of the vowel sign (if any). It serves several purposes in the orthography,
of which the following are the most important:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:4.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">1) Since the vowels
<b>ā</b> and </span><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ē</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""> are regularly replaced
by </span><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ə</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""> in open syllables two or more
places before the main stress, their appearance in such positions may be regarded as anomalous. They are usually marked with metheg:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red">ā</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">noki
I<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">b</span><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ē</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">rakhtani
you blessed me<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:4.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">2) In fact, any long vowel occurring two or more syllables before the main stress may be so marked, although manuscripts are inconsistent in this.
Compare<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">h</span><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ō</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">sha</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ<span lang="EN-US">
save!<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">h</span><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ō</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">shi</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ<span lang="EN-US">eni
save me!<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">This usage is particularly important with the vowel qamets, which is a short vowel
<b>o</b> in closed, unaccented syllables and a long vowel <b>ā</b> elsewhere. This metheg is used with qamets =
<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b> in any doubtful position to ensure the correct reading:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">yev<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>rekheni he will bless me (not yevorkheni)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:4.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">3) Short vowels before the main stress usually occur in closed syllables. Whenever the contrary occurs, the vowel may be marked with metheg:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">t<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ă</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">mod
she will stand<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";color:red">o</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">h</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ŏ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">lo
his tent<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">This last example, with qamets =
<b>o</b>, would seem to cancel out th eusefulness of metheg for distinguishing between the two values of qamets mentioned above. Actually, this is not often so, since qamets =
<b>ā</b> is very rarely followed by qamets = <b>o</b> in the next syllable, but rather by
</span><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ă</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">: e.g. b<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>ḥ</span><b><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ă</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ru
(they chose).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">Gesenius</span></i><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">’<span lang="EN-US"> Hebrew Grammar</span></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">
as edited and enlarged by the late E. Kautzsch. 2<sup>nd</sup> English edition revised by A.E. Cowley. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1966, pages 50-51.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:2.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">In all these cases the Jewish grammarians regard the Metheg accompanying the Qameṣ as indicating a Qameṣ raḥabh (broad Qameṣ)
and therefore read the Qameṣ as <b>ā</b> ; thus p<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>-</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ŏ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">lo,
d<b><span style="color:red">ā</span>-</b>reban, p<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>-</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">ʻ</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ŏ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">l</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">ə</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">kha,
q<b><span style="color:red">ā</span></b>-dāshim. But neither the origin of these forms, nor the analogous formations in Hebrew and in the cognate languages, nor the transcription of proper names in the LXX [e.g.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">Νοομι</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"">], allows us to regard
this view as correct.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">
<a href="mailto:heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu">heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu</a> [<a href="mailto:heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu">mailto:heb-naco-bounces+jbie=loc.gov@lists.service.ohio-state.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Heidi G Lerner<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 04, 2013 11:37 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Hebrew Name Authority Funnel<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Heb-NACO] pronunciaton of kamats with meteg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">I am reading Sefer Rut on Shavuot and I have a question on the pronunciation of
<br>
</span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">נעמי
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">when the 1st kamats under the "</span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">נ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><span dir="LTR"></span>"
has a meteg next to it. Normally </span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">נעמי
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">is pronounced "No</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";color:black">ʻ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">omi".<br>
However, in Sefer Rut it is very often written with the meteg. Wouldn't that mean that it should be pronounced "Na</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";color:black">ʻ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">omi"?<br>
To the best of my limited knowledge the meteg can appear with a long vowel in an unaccented syllable.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">"Meteg is also sometimes used in Biblical Hebrew to mark a
<a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">long vowel</a>. While short and long vowels are largely allophonic, they are not always predictable from spelling, e.g.
</span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">ויראו
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><span dir="LTR"></span>'and they saw' vs.
</span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">ויראו
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><span dir="LTR"></span>'and they feared'. Meteg's indication of length also indirectly indicates that a following
<a href="/wiki/Shva" title="Shva">shva</a> is vocal, as in the previous case. Note that this may distinguish qamatz gadol and qatan, e.g.
</span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">שמרה
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><span dir="LTR"></span>'she guarded' vs.
</span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">שמרה
</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><span dir="LTR"></span>'guard (volitive)'."--Wikipedia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Any confirmation of the correct pronunciation will be appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Thanks, Heidi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Heidi G. Lerner<br>
Hebraica/Judaica Cataloger<br>
Metadata Development Unit<br>
Stanford University Libraries<br>
Stanford, CA 94305-6004<br>
e-mail: <a href="mailto:lerner@stanford.edu">lerner@stanford.edu</a><br>
ph: 650-725-9953<br>
fax: 650-725-1120<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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