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<h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height: normal;margin:0; opacity:1; margin:0">Researchers developing AI to make the internet more accessible
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<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: normal;margin:0; opacity:1; margin:0">‘Web agent’ navigates complex websites using language commands
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<span>COLUMBUS, Ohio –</span><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> In an effort to make the internet more accessible for people with disabilities, researchers at The Ohio State University have begun developing an artificial intelligence agent that could complete
complex tasks on any website using simple language commands. </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">In the three decades since it was first released into the public domain, the world wide web has become an incredibly intricate, dynamic system. Yet because internet function is now so integral to society’s well-being, its
complexity also makes it considerably harder to navigate. </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">Today there are billions of websites available to help access information or communicate with others, and many tasks on the internet can take more than a dozen steps to complete. That’s why
</span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkj0FuwyAQAF8Dt6BlWWz2wKEXfyPCZomRHFwFW1V_XzlST3nAjGZyHIeUZqsl2hEogCcatTxT3e41R4U4hCE4hajX6Cwnt0hhLOPig5D3g5sLOJ5L4TDoGhGQwAJb9OyCsUsqdilFWLwDIkVwqW9NfrrZ-2kkn3qL63F8d-W-FE4Kp99-Wg5sHvVYz9nUXeGkX3GrvTd5GVQE_2iXlmt73PP-TLVduR_6K_2I76Pb--UvAAD__8_iSNM" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>Yu
Su,</u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> co-author of the study and an assistant professor of
</span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkjzGOwyAQRU8DXaxhAIOLKbbxNaIxM2yQHLIKjvb6K0dKtfXXf3pPKM3Mm7NKLkHIEENIVu_c9msTMohznrM3iPZGEmOpGys4Tt7LnER5gaoJstetqG2EgAEcLA7j4vPkCldXatVFo4cQTIATfen6O6bHeE0qL7vT7Th-hvFfBleDaxn62Qyu9kl7G6Prc0IT4HMa2qX176s87tz6KfoPfEof9G65vCv-AgAA___Dn0fe" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>computer
science and engineering</u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> at Ohio State, said their work, which uses information taken from live sites to create web agents - online AI helpers - is a step toward making the digital world a less confusing
place. </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">“For some people, especially those with disabilities, it’s not easy for them to browse the internet,” said Su. “We rely more and more on the computing world in our daily life and work, but there are increasingly a lot of
barriers to that access, which, to some degree, widens the disparity.” </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">The study was presented in December at the </span>
<a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkzzFuxCAQheHTQLfWMB7ALiiiSNS5wYqFIYvEYgts5fqRV0qV9hX_05ecNSE8lGSnLNACmshKfoVS7yU5gWgWs8wCUT6dMaztEkLObCw9DECirFVOxmoTdZLFISCBglWhXudlUjFkFXPmlfUMRILgSt8a_4xpG-fE6ZTVPY9jH2L-EOgF-sZnL_uYYhToP7eWuXOLPAR6BJyvMdTqt_4Vdu5DdlfLGI37hILgrzq4pdK-72l7hdIuyb_nS3W4N_b2Zv4GAAD__0mcUns" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>Thirty-seventh
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)</u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">, a flagship conference for AI and machine learning research. </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">By taking advantage of the power of large language models, the agent works similarly to how humans behave when browsing the web, said Su. The Ohio State team showed that their model was able to understand the layout and
functionality of different websites using only its ability to process and predict language. </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">Researchers started the process by creating</span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkzz1uhDAQxfHT2B3InhmwKVykIU2-pChKufIyw2IJzAqDcv2IlVLlAv_3fhxcG-PVagnWGfKmIXJalpjmS-KgAFrfelQAegrWgUNuEdkh-egGtNw1bTMwCkTyOgUwQMaazkLToa_tEEc7jKN00qAhUmTOdJXlp9RrOWrhQ89h2vd7UfikoFfQ39I-Hdd6WBcF_fvnV_X28lE9b-txV9C_pszwLVe9hTmVkmWrQZH5axXJnPLtwusSUz7__9s7LXt4EKsH7jcAAP__VpdN6Q" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
<u>Mind2Web,</u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> the first dataset for generalist web agents. Though previous efforts to build web agents focused on toy simulated websites, Mind2Web fully embraces the complex and dynamic nature of real-world
websites and emphasizes an agent’s ability of generalizing to entirely new websites it has never seen before. Su said that much of their success is due to their agent’s ability to handle the internet’s ever-evolving learning curve. The team lifted over 2,000
open-ended tasks from 137 different real-world websites, which they then used to train the agent. </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">Some of the tasks included booking one-way and round-trip international flights, following celebrity accounts on Twitter, browsing comedy films from 1992 to 2017 streaming on Netflix, and even scheduling car knowledge tests
at the DMV. Many of the tasks were very complex – for example, booking one of the international flights used in the model would take 14 actions. Such effortless versatility allows for diverse coverage on a number of websites, and opens up a new landscape for
future models to explore and learn in an autonomous fashion, said Su. </span></p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">“It’s only become possible to do something like this because of the recent development of large language models like ChatGPT,” said Su. Since the chatbot became public in
</span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkz0GOhCAQheHTwK5NUZaoCxaz8RqdAkolUTANnbn-xE5m1Rf43_uiGy2zN1qcGYEmGIhGLSen45miU4h2slOvEPXu7AzWi5-FbT8QozBOEIQj-pW8sTo5BCQwMBsc5n7qTODVhHWVWYYeiBTBnX5k-a1dqe9O4lsfbm_tqqr_UbgoXMolmVMXyqlw8UfZFC5h57ZdTb_ckWrN8upQEfwXquSY8vaM5eSU79dfK7eguQ_s8SH9BQAA__9lC0xf" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>November
2022,</u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> millions of users have used it to automatically generate content, from
</span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxk0EGOhCAQQNHT4K4MFCi6YDEbr9FBKZTEhg6FMX37SXcyq7nAz88Lzo7er6ojp6w0kxyMsR09fTofKTiBOE7jpAVid7jJrmZexzgHGwL6cdRKaRrMZGy0FNcuOZRopJKzwmHWU682H9UWI800aGmMMPKThkw394WvnsLVne5o7cVC_whcBC73ffeVrkaV-608BS6NtiOXs-xvgct2-La_GjA1hkpbqQGi50bcYK_lTnmHi6nC6pnAZ3--uUEujQAlapAIUglcuurOxJyp9iiM_LthyiHl_RHK06f8Efh3_NFo7osEX57fAAAA__-MTWcD" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>poetry
and jokes</u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> to </span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxk0EGOhCAQheHT4A5DlYiyYDEbr9GpgdImo9ABjOnbT-xkVnOBl_99wU2G6Bs6djApPatR66njg-L-iMEJRDObeRCI3dMxgQlklR81TGrladaAowEDoxq0gS46VKgVKAs42mHuwdMKfl3Z8jgorYVW97RMfNU-17PncHa7e7b2qmL4ErgIXK7r6recw5FLimmjg0v01Pt8CFzWnIPApbZc3gIX_6S2vZo86IdliClxkUw1cpGvs0l_7jFRecvGtUk7WYuDwq64PdaauPQotPrrqJxCTNsj5INiur__a70dmvvwyA_MbwAAAP__JUZkSA" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>cooking
advice</u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> and </span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkz0FqxCAUgOHTPHcj7z2NiQsXpeCu0BsMRs1ESMwQM831Swa66gV-_i-53oQwksiOetQDdlr3Iq-hLPeSHDCbwQwKmMXskrIces4YupCQE6EyJmCK_YiKyIriGFkjoSXurBokxTBRnKZsc6dQa9B4pW81n01u7SVzeonFzcfxbKA-gD2wP89T1jgWWZdV1jLLx_YD7J9rBPZhP0pccgP231-fhGR5MATsxe6W0lrNu2TQ-BdvuaZSH_e0raHUC_Rv4MId7m2-vbW_AQAA__-7HVLq" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>medical
diagnoses. </u></span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"> </span></p>
<p style="display: block; margin: 14px 0px;margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;margin:0">
</p>
<p style="display: block; margin: 14px 0px;margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;margin:0; margin-left:0px">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">Still, because one website could contain thousands of raw HTML elements, it would be too costly to feed so much information to a single large language model. To address this gap, the study also introduces a framework called
MindAct, a two-pronged agent that uses both small and large language models to carry out these tasks. The team found that by using this strategy, MindAct significantly outperforms other common modeling strategies and is able to understand various concepts
at a decent level. </span></p>
<p style="display: block; margin: 14px 0px;margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;margin:0">
</p>
<p style="display: block; margin: 14px 0px;margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;margin:0; margin-left:0px">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">With more fine-tuning, the study points out, the model could likely be used in tandem with both open-and closed-source large language models such as
</span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkz7GOhiAQBOCnWbrfwIoKBcU1vobZn12UROEimnv9i39y1ZXTzMzHYRqJ3kZJMJO2Tg_WTkoOyvuSOQDi6EbXA6LaghAZSdGMb41xFJ88G-f9hMwUJ3IqB9RotdHe4OB715lIycSUxMvQa2vB6qf6VeSndbXdnfCt9rBd13eD_gtwBpy3e11zWRNF6WIFnLnGBjhfJ5WW6nnI-cSjsuwL1wg4p53K6xrUGfbcWpGzQ7D6b6BJ4VzWhetBuTyofyce4BU-7tdH_BsAAP__2gJXyg" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>Flan-T5</u>
</span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">or </span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkz02OgzAMxfHTODuQ4zh8LLKYDdeoUseUSBAQoZrrj6g0q17g_94vhb6L8WmNBtsjD-iZe6NbzOsjpwBE3dANDojMEkSTMnt04qN41JEYn5qkR2dn6dDkQEiMFkdLfnRDayXOVuZZR_UOmYHxTjdFf2u713er6W3WsFzXUcH9AE1A035oibmVfQOaTq0aT1mAptdxNWzOsOZai54tAeN_o2pJubwead9iLvfvr53bcIUPrfmg_gIAAP__ywJMkQ" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><u>GPT-4</u>.</span></a><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
However, their work does highlight an increasingly relevant ethical problem in creating flexible artificial intelligence, said Su. While it could certainly serve as a helpful agent to humans surfing the web, the model could also be used to enhance systems
like ChatGPT and turn the entire internet into an unprecedentedly powerful tool, said Su. </span></p>
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</p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">“On the one hand, we have great potential to improve our efficiency and to allow us to focus on the most creative part of our work,” he said. “But on the other hand, there’s tremendous potential for harm.” For instance,
autonomous agents able to translate online steps into the real world could influence society by taking potentially dangerous actions, such as misusing financial information or spreading misinformation. </span></p>
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</p>
<p style="display: block; margin: 14px 0px;margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;margin:0; margin-left:0px">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">“We should be extremely cautious about these factors and make a concerted effort to try to mitigate them,” said Su. But as AI research continues to evolve, he notes that it’s likely society will experience major growth
in the commercial use and performance of generalist web agents in the years to come, especially as the technology has already gained so much popularity in the public eye. </span></p>
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</p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">“Throughout my career, my goal has always been trying to bridge the gap between human users and the computing world,” said Su. “That said, the real value of this tool is that it will really save people time and make the
impossible possible.” </span></p>
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</p>
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<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px">The research was supported by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Army Research Lab and the Ohio Supercomputer Center. Other co-authors were Xiang Deng, Yu Gu, Boyuan Zheng, Shijie Chen, Samuel Stevens, Boshi Wang
and Huan Sun, all of Ohio State. </span></p>
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</p>
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<span>Contact: </span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkjkFuxSAMBU8Du4-MMQQWnOWLYtMiJUQKjXr9ikhddW2_meG8hVI-rJZsN6AInmjTcpS-vztnhRhiiE4h6q-MicHH1KSIuErka4UaMCbLwM2D7hkBCSwkiz65aGwtzdbWJIl3QKQIFvo15Geac95G-Nb70izDlfc-55DLoCL4O08Z3Mfnm8-j9LF-_yHW-Ds_1a-n9zcAAP__U9s_Zw" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span>Yu
Su, Su.809@osu.edu </span></a></p>
<p style="display: block; margin: 14px 0px;margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;margin:0">
<span>Written by: </span><a href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkjkFuxSAMBU8Du4-MMQQWnOWLYtMiJUQKjXr9ikhddW2_meG8hVI-rJZsN6AInmjTcpS-vztnhRhiiE4h6q-MicHH1KSIuErka4UaMCbLwM2D7hkBCSwkiz65aGwtzdbWJIl3QKQIFvo15Geac95G-Nb70izDlfc-55DLoCL4O08Z3Mfnm8-j9LF-_yHW-Ds_1a-n9zcAAP__U9s_Zw" target="_blank" style="margin:0"><span>Tatyana
Woodall, Woodall.52@osu.edu</span></a></p>
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URL : <a target="_blank" dir="ltr" href="https://email.mail-news.osu.edu/c/eJxkkEFuwyAURE8DOyz4xsQsWHTja0Q_MI5RbRwBaa9fJVKlSl2PNDPvpXBxzDcjEcxF21lP1l4kDs77NacgiNzs5lEQyS24yJitdto4M1F0hvyNVqY4aqTVe5kDabLaaG9o8uM8mMiriesKj2nU1gqrX9Wq4LsNZ3sOSE-5h633RxPjh6BF0PI3FLRUNHCNG2pTCV_Yz0cud8VZ9VMd_AnVN6hcOmpBV8dZoThGtJZvOwQtsoY9t1ZQBxJW_842lJTL_ZrOg3N5of679sLu4W1DvT38BAAA__9giV-6" style="margin:0">
https://news.osu.edu/researchers-developing-ai-to-make-the-internet-more-accessible/</a></p>
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