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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">All,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">NCRAC recently funded a project to investigate a new sound system which
<i>may</i> deter fish-eating birds from outdoor aquaculture facilities without being heard by humans. </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; background: var(--white);">This project stems from farmers
in the Midwest sometimes seeing massive financial losses, depending on how the heavy the bird problem is on a given year. This 1-year project is currently under way and results will be presented in multiple places in the Midwest next year.</span></div>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; background: var(--white);">The NCRAC project is titled "Non-lethal bird deterrent evaluation in the NCR", and the work is being conducted on 4 commercial farms in
the Midwest. I am involved in that project as one of the Extension representatives. </span></div>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; background: var(--white);">The Midwest is not the only region with substantial fish losses due to piscivorous birds. </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; background: var(--white);">On
Christm</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; background: var(--white);">as Day, the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society published "Economic effects of predation by scaup on baitfish and sportfish
farms". This was</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; background: var(--white);"> an investigation within the State of Arkansas. </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; background: var(--white);">The
greatest cost by percentage found were</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background: var(--white);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; caret-color: rgb(28, 29, 30); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> manpower
(56%), truck usage (32%), levee upkeep for vehicle access to scare birds (9%), firearms and ammunition (2%), and pyrotechnic devices (1%).</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; caret-color: rgb(28, 29, 30); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif;"> The
end of the abstract states that lesser scaup alone accounts for, on average, $1.06 million per year in fish losses, and the total direct negative economic effects on the Arkansas baitfish industry averaged $5.5. million per year. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background: var(--white);"><span style="font-size:16px;caret-color:rgb(28, 29, 30);color:rgb(28, 29, 30);font-family:"Open Sans", sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background: var(--white);"><span style="font-size:16px;caret-color:rgb(28, 29, 30);color:rgb(28, 29, 30);font-family:"Open Sans", sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">While
I was in Arkansas, one lesser scaup had 26 small bluegill in it! Cormorants, herons, egrets, etc. are problems here in the Midwest, but this e-m</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ail
is just a heads up that economic research was recently published on Arkansas farms, and NCRAC is currently investigating ways to deter all fish-eating birds from our outdoor production facilities.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background: var(--white);"><span style="font-size:16px;caret-color:rgb(28, 29, 30);color:rgb(28, 29, 30);font-family:"Open Sans", sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Click
the link below if you want to read the economic scaup paper by Engle et al. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background: var(--white);"><span style="font-size:16px;caret-color:rgb(28, 29, 30);color:rgb(28, 29, 30);font-family:"Open Sans", sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jwas.12760?campaign=wolearlyview" style="margin:0px;font-size:13.333333015441895px;cursor:pointer;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jwas.12760?campaign=wolearlyview</a><br>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background: var(--white);"><span style="font-size:16px;caret-color:rgb(28, 29, 30);color:rgb(28, 29, 30);font-family:"Open Sans", sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
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<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="caret-color: rgb(28, 29, 30); font-size: 14.666666984558105px;">When published, results of the sound system research in the Midwest will be shared at several state aquaculture
association meetings and in various ways through these listservs. The leader on that project is Dr. Paul Brown with Purdue. <span style="caret-color:rgb(28, 29, 30);background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">Non-lethal and inaudible (to
humans) means of deterring birds could be very impactful for producers who are in urban settings.</span></span></div>
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Regards,</div>
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<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px"><img alt="The Ohio State University" style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px" src="http://osu.edu/assets/site/images/logos/osu-emailsig.png"></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px; color:rgb(187,0,0); font-weight:bold; background:rgb(255,255,255)">Matthew A. Smith</span><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px">
<span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Program Director, Aquaculture Extension</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"></span></div>
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Sciences</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> </span><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px">
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<div><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px; line-height:18px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">smith.11460@osu.edu </span></div>
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